David G. Schmale III

1. IntroductionFuel ethanol co-products known as distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) contain high levels of protein, fiber, minerals and vitamins [1,2], are an important source of domestic animal feed [3] and may be used to enrich human foods [4]. Over 95% of the fuel ethanol produced in the U.S. uses corn (Zea mays L.) as the primary feedstock [5]. Fuel ethanol production in 2011 ...