Basharat Ali

IntroductionEctoparasites have a major effect on the husbandry, productivity and welfare of livestock. These obligate parasites live on, puncture, or burrow into the surface of their host's epidermis, to feed or shelter (1). Ectoparasites are responsible for economic losses to livestock producers.DirectlossesDirect losses are a result of discomfort and damage caused by the parasites. Discomfort re ...