Abdelhakim M M Ali

1. INTRODUCTIONAvian influenza virus (AIV) infects different types of birds, including chickens, causing respiratory or systemic diseases that vary in severity and cause heavy losses to the poultry industry in the world (Goudrazi et al., 2013). This disease is caused by type A influenza virus that belong to family Orthomyxoviridae. To date, 18 H subtypes have been recognized (H1 to H18) and 11 N s ...

 BackgroundAvian Influenza (AI) virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, Influenzavirus A genus. This virus possesses eight segments of single-stranded RNA genome. Two of these segments encode for two important membrane glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) [1], that play a key role during cellular infection. These two proteins are used for virus subtype classification ...