jauhar windrijo

INTRODUCTION Antibiotics are considered growth promoters when administered at non-therapeutic (low) concentrations in the feed of food animals to stimulate growth and improve feed efficiency (Costa et al., 2011; Lin et al., 2013). Antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) in the feed of different animal species has been used for more than 60 years in the United States, as well as in other countries ( ...

The genus influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, representing viruses that have a single-strand, negative sense, and segmented RNA genome. RNA virus replication is characterized by high mutation rates, short generation time, and high progeny yields. In addition to mutations introduced by their errorprone polymerases without proofreading capacity, ...