Charles Frederrick Gale

Here is my assessment of the use of live Ts-11 vaccine in commercial layers: - The vaccine must be applied by eyedrop usually at 8 to 14 weeks of age. - It is delivered frozen so the cold chain must be maintained during shipment and storage at the destination before reconstitution for application. - The vaccine colonizes the upper trachea (in the cooler areas of the trachea) so the amount of resp ...