Marie Culhane

Introduction:Over the last 15 years, genetically and antigenically distinct groups of influenza A viruses in swine (IAV-S) have emerged. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus and variant H3N2 viruses of swine-origin underscore the threat that IAV-S pose to public health. Consequently, there is greater need for increased IAV-S surveillance globally. This is particularly important in regions where there is v ...

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae possessing 8 negative sense single-stranded RNA segments and classified in subtypes based on the antigenicity of their surface glycoproteins: 18 subtypes for hemagglutinin (HA) and 11 subtypes for neuraminidase (NA). IAV can infect birds and several mammalian species, including human and swine. Pigs have an important role in the ec ...

Influenza A virus has become a major pathogen, causing epidemics of respiratory disease in humans, which not only result in increased deaths but also raise public health organization alarms regarding the need for further understanding and control of this virus (1). Additionally, the ability of the virus to cross species barriers has raised more concern over the probability of reassortment and gene ...

IntroductionInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) are Orthomixoviruses able to infect many animal species including birds, pigs and humans [1]. The segmented genome of IAVs allows the exchange of gene segments between IAVs during infection and replication [2] facilitating the emergence of novel IAV reassortants with pandemic potential. The 2009 pandemic IAV contained genes from swine IAVs circulating in Nort ...