DISTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS MYCOTOXINS IN DAIRY FEED AND SILAGE IN PAKISTAN
Published: November 20, 2011
By: N. Sultana, A. Rashid, I. Tahira, S. Khatoon, H. U. Hanif and N. Q. Hanif
Summary
Present study was planned to assess the spectrum of natural occurrence of aflatoxins, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol and A-B Trichothecenes in dairy feed, silage and total mixed ration. One hundred and sixty-five (n=165) samples were analyzed by chromatographic technique. In compound feed, present study revealed high percentage incidence of aflatoxin B1 (97.31%) followed by aflatoxin B2 (50.33%), aflatoxin G1 (10.74%), aflatoxin G2 (1.47%), zearalenone (39.25%), ochratoxin A (37.5%) and deoxynivalenol (2.96%) with average values of 29, 8, 21, 10, 862, 64 and 813 ppb respectively. Out of total analyzed samples , only one sample was tainted with T-2 toxin (582 ppb), nivalenol (285 ppb) and fusarenon-x (1625 ppb) respectively. However, frequency distribution showed that positive seventy-seven (51.67%) found to be contaminated with aflatoxin B1 levels higher than permissible level of European Commission (<20 ppb). For zearalenone, forty-four (32.50) samples were tainted with levels ranging from ≥500 to 3750 ppb i.e. higher than recommendations by European commission (<500 ppb). In contrast to compound feed, results of silage demonstrated the high prevalence of ochratoxin A (77.77 %) followed by AFB1 (25%) with mean of 115 and 9 ppb respectively. A scrutiny of mycotoxin for total mixed ration depicted that all samples (100%) were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A with an average of 30 and 230 ppb respectively. Furthermore co-contamination phenomenon of mycotoxins also observed in all type of analysed samples predominately in compound feed.
Key words: mycotoxin, feed, silage, co-contamination.
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