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Mycotoxins in food

Welcome to the page about Mycotoxins in food of Engormix; a source of knowledge on Mycotoxins in food.
INTRODUCTION Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is the most widespread crop in the Mediterranean area. Sixty-seven percent of the Italian production of durum wheat comes from the Southern regions and it is used mainly for producing pasta (Fagnano et al., 2012). Quaranta et al. (2010) confirmed the importance of environmental local conditions in driving mycotoxin contamination in durum wheat. They reported that Southern Italy is an area particularly suitable for producing high...
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Manuel Gómez Pallares
Universidad de Valladolid
1. Introduction Mycotoxins are naturally occurring secondary metabolites produced by various genera of molds, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. About 400 mycotoxins have been identified, with some of the most important ones being aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), Ochratoxin (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) [1]. The consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods can have serious health consequences, being potentially fatal, depending on the specific...
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1. Introduction As Thomas Edison once said, “The doctor of the future will no longer treat the human frame with drugs, but will rather cure and prevent disease with nutrition” [1]. Nowadays, one in every five deaths across the globe are attributable to a suboptimal diet, more than other risk factors, such as tobacco [2]. A multitude of chronic diseases related to an improper diet have emerged; thus, more and more experiments regarding the quality of food as a part of...
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INTRODUCTION Fermented beverages constitute a major part of the diets of traditional African homes (Tafere, 2015). In Nigeria, traditional beverages are widely consumed and mostly preferred to commercial soft drinks by individuals from low income settings due to their relatively low cost of production and high nutritional benefits (Ezekiel et al., 2015). Kunu is a traditional beverage produced principally from single or mixed cereals such as maize, millet, rice, or sorghum. In...
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INTRODUCTION Fungi plays a substantial role in spoilage of agricultural commodities and produces a variety of toxic secondary metabolites called mycotoxins that are harmful to humans and farm animals (Andersen and Thrane, 2006; Van Egmond et al., 2007; Mudili et al., 2014; Venkataramana et al., 2014; Muthulakshmi et al., 2018). The fungal infestations primarily commence at pre-harvesting and post-harvesting times owed to inappropriate agronomic practices (Neme and Mohammed, 2017)....
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abhishek kumar
abhishek kumar and 1 more
Introduction An estimated 30 to 50% of food commodities are lost during pre-harvest or post-harvest globally, which does not only threaten global food security but wastes 1.47–1.96 Gha of arable land, 0.75–1.25 trillion cubic meters of water and 1 to 1.5% of global energy (Fox and Fimeche, 2013). The pre-harvest and postharvest losses in food commodities may occur due to attack by several biotic and abiotic factors. In storage system, fungal bio-deterioration of stored...
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INTRODUCTION Sugarcane is one of the top ten food crops in the world and an important economic crop in many tropical countries [1]. Sugarcane is infested with many plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and viruses as well as, insect pests. The genus Fusarium is one of the most devastating plant pathogens producing several mycotoxins [2]. Two species of Fusarium including F. subglutinans and F. sacchariare well reported to cause Pokkahboeng disease of sugarcane. Fusarium...
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By Michele Suman New Food Magazine With mycotoxins on the rise, food safety and authenticity expert Michele Suman looks at how to deploy tandem mass spectrometry for mycotoxin quantification         Mycotoxin contamination seriously threatens the safety and stability of global food chains. Produced by fungi, these potentially toxic secondary metabolites affect a broad range of foodstuffs,...
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Wheat—the most widely cultivated crop in the world—is under growing attack from harmful toxins. Across Europe, almost half of wheat crops are impacted by the fungal infection that gives rise to these toxins, according to a study led by fungal biologist Dr. Neil Brown from the U.K.'s University of Bath, in collaboration with colleagues at the University of Exeter. These troublesome "mycotoxins" are produced by the fungus that causes Fusarium Head Blight, a disease that...
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HJ (Ine) van der Fels-Klerx
Wageningen University & Research
INTRODUCTION The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that 25% of global food crops are contaminated with mycotoxins 1 . Recently, the prevalence of the mycotoxins detected in food and feed crops was reported to be up to 60–80%2 . Aflatoxins are the major ones among all mycotoxins and produced by Aspergillus spp. upon and after infection of crops. They are genotoxic and carcinogenic to animals and humans 3–6 . From the different...
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Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
USP -Universidade de São Paulo
Introduction Aflatoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites synthesized by some fungi species in the genus Aspergillus, mainly those belonging to the species A. flavus, A. nomius, and A. parasiticus (Ismaiel et al., 2020). Aflatoxins are considered the most important mycotoxins, given their carcinogenic and hepatotoxic effects on animals and humans (Bhat et al., 2010). Among several types of aflatoxins, the most frequent ones found as natural contaminants of foodstuffs are aflatoxins...
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by Sam Shafer Poultry researchers show there’s no safe amount of moldy corn       Poultry scientists are taking a close look at moldy corn in an effort to better protect animal and human health. In a recent study, published in Poultry Science ® , researchers measured bird performance and examined mycotoxin levels when laying hens were fed different amounts of moldy corn. Mycotoxin are toxins made by...
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In 2022 mycotoxins annual survey, Life Rainbow Biotech randomly collected 342 feed samples of raw materials and feed mills in farms and analyzed. The samples were tested for aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), zearalenone, fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3) and deoxynivalenol (DON) by the ELISA Mycotoxin analysis kit. Results: From January to December 2022, the import volume of feed corn was 4,383 thousand tons, and Brazil and Argentina is 32.05% and 31.27%, followed by South Africa...
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Mónica Gaggiotti
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - INTA
1. Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by specific fungi that are natural contaminants of foods [1]. At appropriate ambient temperature and humidity conditions, mycotoxins can be found at any stage of the production chain. However, the fungi presence does not imply mycotoxin formation [2]. Upon ingestion by ruminants, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is partially destroyed in the rumen, whereas the absorbed AFB1 rapidly undergoes metabolic processes in the liver...
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Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites—mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus living in soil—that contaminate crops throughout growth, harvest, storage, transportation, and processing. Aflatoxin B1 is not only the most potent natural carcinogen known, but also the most commonly produced toxic strain. As of 2010, roughly 5 billion people worldwide were estimated to be exposed to high levels of aflatoxins. High consumption levels can result in aflatoxicosis,...
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INTRODUCTION Aflatoxins (AFs) in food and feed are recognized as a public health problem of considerable importance. Williams et al. (2004) estimated that 4.5 billion of the world’s population is exposed to AFs. Because security blankets in crops at pre-harvest and post-harvest level are not as strict as in developed countries, populations of developing countries are the most susceptible to aflatoxicosis illness (Williams et al., 2004). The same problem occurs with milk...
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Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
USP -Universidade de São Paulo
Introduction Aflatoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites synthesized by some fungi species in the genus Aspergillus, mainly those belonging to the species A. flavus, A. nomius, and A. parasiticus (Ismaiel et al., 2020). Aflatoxins are considered the most important mycotoxins, given their carcinogenic and hepatotoxic effects on animals and humans (Bhat et al., 2010). Among several types of aflatoxins, the most frequent ones found as natural contaminants of foodstuffs are aflatoxins...
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