DESCRIPTION:  When an animal consumes mycotoxin contaminated feed, the residues of these may be found in the liver, the kidneys, the muscles, blood, urine, milk, eggs and feces.  The consumption of mycotoxin contaminated animal origin food by humans put in risk human health due to the difficulty of establishing the etiology and the chronic illnesses they may cause.

Animals consuming mycotoxin contaminated feed may alter in their metabolism the original structure of mycotoxins producing metabolites which in most cases are more toxic than the mycotoxins in their unmodified structures.

TOXIBOND® is a hydrated and heat activated sodium and calcium aluminum silicate (HSCAS).  It is innocuous to humans and animals.  Due to its chemical and physical properties (pH, cationic exchange capacity, expansibility, particle size, pore size, water absorption, and activation temperature among others) can be used as a wide spectrum mycotoxin adsorbent.

TOXIBOND® acts also as an anticaking agent reducing humidity spots in stored grains and feeds, thus avoiding crust formation which is critical for mold contamination and therefore the mycotoxins produced by them.

COMPOSITION:  TOXIBOND® is manufactured from a combination of mined and heat treated clays in synergic proportions to achieve the best combination to adsorb a wide range of mycotoxins.  The combination of the different clays present in TOXIBOND® will approximately yield the following composition.

NDICATION FOR USE:  TOXIBOND® should be used at 2.5 Kg per metric ton of feed under normal conditions, although the dose should be increased up to 5.0 Kg per metric ton of feed under critical mycotoxin contamination.

ADVANTAGE/BENEFIT:
The level of adsorption of TOXIBOND® added at 0.25 of the diet may be observed in the following table:

TOXIBOND® is not expansible which means that it has a low water retention capacity; therefore it does not absorbs vitamins, minerals, and other active ingredients such as antibiotics and medicaments present in feed.

TOXIBOND® increases the fluidity of raw material during the feed manufacturing processes.

TOXIBOND® is classified generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for humans and animals.

TOXIBOND® is dioxin free.

METABOLIC MODIFIER IN PHASE I:

Recent research has found TOXIBOND® to act as a metabolic modifier (phase I) in the gastro intestinal tract of monograstrics.  The mode of action of TOXIBOND® as metabolic modifier in phase I (at the small intestine) is observed in three different forms:

1. TOXIBOND® increases retention time in the intestinal tract, thus favoring the endo-enzymes and exo-enzymes.  The anterior is due to its low hydration (6) which does not cover the villi in the tract, thus not affecting nutrient absorption.

2. TOXIBOND® increases the transcellular absorption of glucose by increasing the transmural differential potential (TDP) in the microvilli.  As a result an increase of the energy retention of the animal is observed, thus reducing feed intake without affecting productive performance of the animals.

3. TOXIBOND® increases the indirect paracellular absorption of water, thus reducing the humidity and odor of the feces.


The last two forms observed are related to the relationship of between the calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) with the sodium (Na).  This relationship in TOXIBOND® is 3 which allows sodium (Na) to be liberated and bind with transport protein SGLT1 which is composed by one unit of glucose and two units of the mineral (Na).   With these concentrations the protein crosses passively the apical membrane of the microvillus enterocyte.  In the cellular cytoplasm they are separated to cross the basal membrane toward the blood stream, requiring the Na and K ATPase. 

ENGOREPROD 1237-3659 20091107