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Mycotoxins

Welcome to the page about Mycotoxins of Engormix; a source of knowledge on Mycotoxins.
Swamy Haladi
Swamy Haladi and 2 more
Trouw Nutrition Asia Pacific
Mycotoxins are a major problem in the poultry industry causing significant negative effects on animal health, productivity, and the economics of production. Binders such as bentonites are typically added to poultry diets to adsorb mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract and protect the birds against the harmful effects of mycotoxins. Bentonites are effective in preventing aflatoxicosis, however, their activity against zearalenone, ochratoxin, and trichothecenes is limited (Bhatti et al.,...
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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, the most abundant of which belong to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium . The conditions required for fungal development and the production of mycotoxins vary strongly with the substrate on which the fungal species develop.Because mycotoxins are mainly present in food and feed, the gut is the first target for mycotoxin toxicity, but it is also the site of the absorption of mycotoxins that leads to...
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Mycotoxins are produced by fungi and can lead to sickness in humans and animals, which explains why testing for them in crops, feeds, and food products is so important and is often a regulatory and customer requirement. Fortunately, testing technologies have evolved from slow, tedious, and complicated to smart, fast, and data connected. Tests vary in their performance capabilities and suitability for field, process, or lab environments. With a number of different options, you may be...
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Deependra Paneru
University of Georgia
Effect of Sub-Clinical Mycotoxin Exposure on Growth Performance and Immune Response in Eimeria-Challenged Pullets
Deependra Paneru (University of Georgia) speaks on how mycotoxins in the feed impact growth performance and impair the recovery of the pullets infected with coccidiosis, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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INTRODUCTION The presence of mycotoxins is inherent to many food and feed products worldwide (Bhat et al., 2010; Marroquín-Cardona et al., 2014). Hallmarks of their presence and their impact on animal and human health are encountered throughout history. Ergotism, also known as “St. Anthony’s fire” occurred in several areas in Europe during the tenth century (Schiff, 2006) and was caused by the consumption of rye containing ergot alkaloids, produced by...
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Regiane R. Santos
Schothorst Feed Research
INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by different fungal species, Fusarium being responsible for most contamination of feedstuffs in the field. Among more than 400 identified mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are of most concern for the pig industry. Pigs are very sensitive to both DON and ZEN. When acute dietary exposure occurs, DON can lead to vomiting and feed refusal (1), whereas ZEN has oestrogenic effects (2). However, in practice, acute...
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Dilantha Fernando
University of Manitoba
INTRODUCTION Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch], is an economically important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) that has resulted in massive commercial losses (Wilson et al., 2018). F. graminearum is capable of producing multiple, type B trichothecene mycotoxins [Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), nivalenol (NIV), and 4-acetylnivalenol (4-ANIV)],...
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INTRODUCTION Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is the most widespread crop in the Mediterranean area. Sixty-seven percent of the Italian production of durum wheat comes from the Southern regions and it is used mainly for producing pasta (Fagnano et al., 2012). Quaranta et al. (2010) confirmed the importance of environmental local conditions in driving mycotoxin contamination in durum wheat. They reported that Southern Italy is an area particularly suitable for producing high...
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HJ (Ine) van der Fels-Klerx
Wageningen University & Research
INTRODUCTION Maize (Zea mays) is one of the main sources for food and feed production in the world (Chulze, 2010). In 2017, more than 197 million hectares were grown with maize worldwide resulting in production yield of 1.13 billion tons of maize (FAOSTAT, 2020). Ensuring the quality and safety of maize for feed and food production is essential. One of the major quality and safety concerns is infection of the maize plants with fungi and the contamination of maize kernels with...
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Deependra Paneru
University of Georgia
Deependra Paneru (University of Georgia)      An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of subclinical mycotoxin exposure on the growth performance and immune cell dynamics in pullets exposed to coccidiosis. Using a 2x2 factorial design, a total of 288 four-week-old Hy-Line W36 pullets were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, each containing six replicated cages with 12 birds. The experimental groups were exposed to either...
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Measuring fumonisin levels in complete feed
Discover how Fumo-V™ ONE, the latest innovation in feed testing technology, simplifies both on-site and lab-based analysis of complex finished feed. Haer what Carlton Skipper, SE Sales Representative at VICAM, has to say about it...
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Mycotoxin testing solutions for the Feed Chain
Join Lanny Smith, Global Sales Manager at VICAM, as he unveils how VICAM sets itself apart in the realm of mycotoxin testing solutions for the feed chain....
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Immunoaffinity Columns to detect mycotoxins
Explore the world of mycotoxin detection with Colin Lee, VICAM Canada Sales Representative, as he sheds light on the innovative use of immunoaffinity columns...
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Exploring mycotoxin testing methodologies
Join Colin Lee, VICAM Canada Sales Representative, as he delves into the intricate methodologies utilized by Canadian laboratories for comprehensive mycotoxin testing. Also, he points out the benefits of Vicam’s Immunoaffinity Columns...
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Mycotoxins interfere in the vitamin D metabolism leading to poor calcium absorption, causing Lameness. Does anyone agree to this point? ...
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Peter Surai
Scottish Agricultural College - SAC
Is binding enough to protect animals against mycotoxins?
Dr. Peter Surai, Professor. Vitagene and Health Research Center, UK, responds to this question in this video....
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Natalie Morgan
Natalie Morgan and 4 more
University of New England
I. INTRODUCTION The quality of poultry feed and litter are important for maintaining and improving poultry production. Poultry feed (raw materials and formulated diet) is highly variable and large safety margins are needed to buffer the nutritional variability in feed ingredients when formulating diets (Moss et al., 2021). Feed ingredients delivered to feed mills are not comprehensively analysed using current methods (i.e., wet-chemistry and NIR). This is because the large quantities...
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Deoxynivalenol (DON; vomitoxin) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced by Fusarium graminearum and is prevalently found in grains such as wheat, corn, barley and their by-products. DON mainly affects the health of monogastric animals, particularly pigs and poultry, through contaminated feedstuffs. Animal study ...
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INTRODUCTION Fusarium verticillioides has long been known to be a causal agent of maize ear rot but has received more attention since the discovery that fumonisins, the mycotoxins it produces, can accumulate in maize kernels (Gelderblom et al., 1988). Fumonisin consumption can lead to serious disorders in humans and animals; for example, leukoencephalomalacia in horses and pulmonary edema in swine, both are accompanied by injuries to the liver and heart; hepatic necrosis and,...
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Manuel Gómez Pallares
Universidad de Valladolid
1. Introduction Mycotoxins are naturally occurring secondary metabolites produced by various genera of molds, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria. About 400 mycotoxins have been identified, with some of the most important ones being aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), Ochratoxin (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) [1]. The consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods can have serious health consequences, being potentially fatal, depending on the specific...
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