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Broiler Goat- A Technology Explanation

Published: April 15, 2013
By: Dr.P.George Kunju John (Animal Feed Consultant)
Introduction
Broiler goat has been evolved to enhance goat meat production in areas were land availability is scarce and fodder become dear. The browsing character of goats destroys the crops. Eventually goat rearing became very problematic. At this situation the new technology to grow goats in goat houses abandoning grazing, feeding high tech feed by reducing FCR to 2.5 and total removal of fodder fibre from the became a new innovation in animal industry. 
New Feed Technology
It was a common knowledge that ruminant animals could not survive with out consuming forages and fibre. Goats a small ruminant also could not be exempted. Why the ruminants eat forage was a technical question that resulted in the development of broiler goat. It is a fact that economics of feeding was the vital factor for feeding forafe to ruminant animals. The unique capability of those animals to convert non edible fibre by virtue of rumen fermentation to digestible nutrients like microbial biomass and volatile fatty acids was the bottom line. When land availability became zero for such forage cultivation the technologists were encouraged to delve into the feed technology. 
The advent of bypass nutrient technology paved the way to evolve new feeding system. It was proved that the dietary nutrients saved from rumen fermentation will reduce the nutrient losses in animal system. If dietary protein is fermented in rumen the availability of protein through microbial route at the lower tract would be less than 20%. However, if it could be bypassed it may yield around 60%. It is true for glucose and fatty acids. The above parameter was considered FCR and through practical trials it was found that broiler goat can achieve FCR 2.5 against 8 noyiced in ruminant animals.
Explaining the theory on nutritional niochemistry percpective it could be like this. If 1 mole of amino acids was fermented it may yield only 1.5 moles of ATP which may produce 18 G of microbial biomass or 12 G protein out of 100 G. In the case of starch 1 mp;e may yield only 0.8 mole glucose where as when bypassed may yield over 1.6 mole glucose. Fatty acids when fed with less fibre will yield more dietary energy. Gurther more when goatlings are fed at their preruminant stage it becomes more feasible. 
Broiler Goat Feed
Based on the new technology the special feed- a complement feed was developed. The feed production is done in modern feed plants. Pelletisation is an important process in production. The raw ingredients are selected to meet the nutritional specification of broiler goat feed such as amino acids, blucose and fatty acids. Further more the balancing of macronutrients with micronutrients is necessary to accomplish better and faster growth rate.
Along with the special goat feed sweet lick blocks and sugar syrup supplements are also evolved. The small farmers who are interested to try the new practice the availability of right feed is a problem. Since the requirement of feed is less the feed companies are not interested to produce such feed by buying the feed formula abd details. Unless a large investor steps into such a lucrative business the advantage of the same will remain hidden. 
Need for the future
Every animal husbandry practices is developed by th advanced countries. Broiler chickem has become widely adopted is an example. However broiler goat is not an interested proposition for advanced countries where there is no land shortages. Mpreover goat meat is not their choice of food. But developing the broiler goat would benefit asian, African countries very mucc. The population there also relish chevon (gooat meat). But no development agencies like FAO or world bank look into such projects in the third world. 
Sitting the example of dairy movement in India the farmers association should come forward to help themselves.
A model project
Farmer members                     10,000
Goats with one farmer             100
Total goats per annum             3 million
Total meat produced                9000 MT
Total feed required                   22500 MT
Based on the above project fund and management could be worked out. The capital costs on land, goat houses etc are not included.
Broiler Goat- A Technology Explanation - Image 1
Conclusion
It is a good animal production business. Since FCR accomplished is 2.5 the costing would be seen as below.
Cost of a goatling of 6kg                   INR 500
Feed for 3 months                             @500G
( INR 15000/MT)                                 675
Other expemses                                100
Sub total                                          1275
Meat 20kg @ 300/kg                        6000
The initial expenses to construct the goat houses could be covered woth in a year of operation. It would be impossible for a single farmer to start the project. Therefore a company formed by the farmers can make it a lucrative project. 
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Authors:
Dr.P.George Kunju John
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Dr.P.George Kunju John
5 de julio de 2013
For consultation tou may wish to contact me pgkjohn@gmail.com if prepared to pay my fee
Dr.P.George Kunju John
22 de junio de 2013
Thanks for your understanding. I know it is difficult to convince a person who does some thing for years. The traditionla farmers are doing so. while demonstrating the new model some veterinarians argued that goats will not be i pellet form if forage is not fed. omce they saw they had to believe. No one was ready to adopt the broiler chicken in the onset.i can understand your problem to convince poor farmers. during my carrier with dairy cooperatives it was hard to convince farmers about artificial insemination. i have heard them saying how the pregnancy will be possible from an ampu;e with out a bull. good day
Dr.P.George Kunju John
22 de junio de 2013
Linda, i did it. It will be ardeous to convince you because of your ignorance on fed technology. morevoer i have no time to watse such triveal discussions. i responded thinking that you are an experienced person in goat husbandry so that i may get some scientific facts to refine the technology. sorry i am least bothered in the politics.
Dr.P.George Kunju John
21 de junio de 2013
Dear Mr. Ali, you must have read the comment of Linda. The third world will accept the technology from developed countries. I proved the technology in Dubai but again it will be accepted if it was recommended by US.i still believe that the above technology can produce meat in deserts without forages. But they will go fr hydroponics but not zero forage meat production. they have no problem for importing corn soya from USA for growing chicken. No one will ask the cost: profit ratio. because they rule the world.
Dr.P.George Kunju John
21 de junio de 2013
Sorry Linda you took my words with a political view. I am happy to know that you work in a poor country. I have worked 25 years with the poor people of India and took the country to the top of milk production in the world. I hope you must have read about 'operation flood' a massive dairy project in India. we organised cooperatives in every villages and collect the milk to 126 million tonnes per year. i am sure that you could not understand the technolog. we give the feed and advice the farmers to ffeed it. they are not bothered about bypass nutrient technology. the famers have to build cages that is the only cost. labor cost is neglegable. Keep feed and water available all the time then no need to attend them. after three months they can sell the goats for meat. no need to spend money on research. all the research findings are already established by NRC and ARC. what is needed is to manufacture the special feed.if you really understand the FCR then you may not doubt it. if you are interested to help the poor farmers why not organise their company to produce goat meat. As an international consultant i am not looking for any industrialist to support my technology. once the technology is developed it will be implemented some how or other. i know Americans will never accept any technology evolved in the third world.
Dr.P.George Kunju John
21 de junio de 2013
Dear Mr. Ali, The reason why such a good concept is not popularised in the world because it was developed by me a poor Indian. if i was born in USA the situation could be different. Several universities from different countries approached me. But they are unable to get research funds for want of research data. None of the scientists could not contradict my technical approach. any industrial company that can invest on this development would make it available in future. let us hope for the best
Dr.P.George Kunju John
21 de junio de 2013
Thamks again. It would become like broiler chicken one day. Genetic development is possible to increase the growth potential.
Dr.P.George Kunju John
21 de junio de 2013
You are right because your feeding system is based on forgae based. It is difficult to convince a traditional farner who will never change his age old practices. I am not contraditing your observations. but if you can understand the technology you can realize the economical advantages. Please calculate feed conversion in your system. as per the data it will be around 8 means 8kg feed for 1 kg meat. In oue new system it is 2.5 now dressing percentage is 56% against your 48%. Meat is like broiler meat. any way thank you for your comments. i have detailed discussions in'chevon talk'. according to Madam Suzzan the US farmers are admanat to change. unless you experiment it will be impossible for you to believe. as an independant consulyant i may not be able to attend your querries.
Dr.P.George Kunju John
21 de junio de 2013
Linda, indeed a good question.No one can convert a ruminant animal into a monogastric one except Jesus the God. But we can incorporate the technological knowhow. I hope you will be able to understand the technology. It is well established the fact that ruminant animal is a poor effecient convertor. theor effeciency is around 20% obly. rumen fermentation is the reason. the scientists have evolved a feed technology that can save nutrients from rumen fermentation. this is known as 'bypss nutrienttechnology' Even though it was established in UK in 1072 USA accepted it in 1984 only. In the case of broiler goat technology i use the jids of 2 months old and accomplish the growth with in three months. that stage we call as'preruminant stage' normally it takes 6 months for full development of a full rumen. I hope it is clear now.
Dr.P.George Kunju John
20 de junio de 2013
thanks Linda for your response. My idea is to bypass rumen fermentation of nutrients. Therefore no need to think of tropical leaves etc. Once you feed fibre the conversion drops FCR become over 8 like ruminant animas. it will take more time to accept the technology. Every day several people contact me for advice. But the industiral approach to the solurion would be feasible. Feed is the vital factor. it could not be processed in house like the farmers do toay. Any way thanks again.
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